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Level B2

The Passive Voice in Depth (المَبْنِيُّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ)

Master the internal vowel changes that form the passive voice in both past and present tenses across all verb forms, including irregular verbs, hollow verbs, and geminate verbs.

Passive of Form I: Regular, Hollow, and Doubled Verbs

The passive voice in Arabic is formed by internal vowel changes rather than auxiliary verbs. For Form I: Regular (sound) verbs: • Past: فَعَلَ → فُعِلَ (first radical gets ḍamma, second gets kasra) • Present: يَفْعَلُ → يُفْعَلُ (prefix gets ḍamma, pre-final vowel becomes fatḥa) Hollow verbs (middle radical is و or ي): • Past: قَالَ → قِيلَ (the long vowel changes to ī) • Present: يَقُولُ → يُقَالُ (the long vowel changes to ā) • Past: بَاعَ → بِيعَ; Present: يَبِيعُ → يُبَاعُ Doubled (geminate) verbs: • Past: رَدَّ → رُدَّ; Present: يَرُدُّ → يُرَدُّ • Past: مَدَّ → مُدَّ; Present: يَمُدُّ → يُمَدُّ Note: Hollow verb passives are among the most challenging forms in Arabic morphology.

كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ عَلَى السَّبُّورَةِ
kutiba ad-darsu ʿalā as-sabbūrati
The lesson was written on the board
Regular Form I passive past: كَتَبَ → كُتِبَ. الدَّرْسُ is nominative as نَائِب الفَاعِل.
قِيلَ إِنَّ الأَمِيرَ وَصَلَ
qīla inna al-amīra waṣala
It was said that the prince arrived
Hollow verb passive: قَالَ → قِيلَ. The entire إِنَّ clause serves as نَائِب الفَاعِل.
يُقَالُ إِنَّ هٰذَا المَكَانَ قَدِيمٌ
yuqālu inna hādhā al-makāna qadīmun
It is said that this place is ancient
Hollow verb passive present: يَقُولُ → يُقَالُ. Very common impersonal construction.
رُدَّ الكِتَابُ إِلَى المَكْتَبَةِ
rudda al-kitābu ilā al-maktabati
The book was returned to the library
Geminate verb passive: رَدَّ → رُدَّ. The doubled letter retains its shadda.

3 more sections and 5 practice questions

"The Passive Voice in Depth (المَبْنِيُّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ)" is one of 38 grammar lessons in Fahm Premium, each with worked examples and self-checking practice. The first 3 grammar lessons are free to try.

Also in this lesson
  • Passive of Derived Forms (II-X)
  • Passive of Weak Verbs and Assimilated Roots
  • Stylistic Uses of the Passive

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Frequently asked questions

What is The Passive Voice in Depth in Arabic?

Master the internal vowel changes that form the passive voice in both past and present tenses across all verb forms, including irregular verbs, hollow verbs, and geminate verbs.

How do you use The Passive Voice in Depth in Arabic?

The passive voice in Arabic is formed by internal vowel changes rather than auxiliary verbs. For Form I:

What are common examples of The Passive Voice in Depth in Arabic?

Examples from this lesson include "kutiba ad-darsu ʿalā as-sabbūrati" (The lesson was written on the board), "qīla inna al-amīra waṣala" (It was said that the prince arrived), "yuqālu inna hādhā al-makāna qadīmun" (It is said that this place is ancient) and "rudda al-kitābu ilā al-maktabati" (The book was returned to the library).