← Themes
law economics
50 words
مَحْكَمَة
maḥkama
court / tribunal
B2nounroot: ح-ك-م
أَصدَرَتِ المَحكَمَةُ حُكمًا بِالبَراءة.
aṣdarati l-maḥkamatu ḥukman bi-l-barāʾa.
The court issued an acquittal verdict.
صِيَاغَة
ṣiyāgha
drafting / formulation (legal)
B2nounroot: ص-و-غ
تَوَلَّى المُحامي صِياغَةَ بُنودِ الاتِّفاقِيَّة.
tawallā l-muḥāmī ṣiyāghata bunūdi l-ittifāqiyya.
The lawyer undertook the drafting of the agreement's clauses.
مُحَامٍ
muḥāmin
lawyer / attorney
B2nounroot: ح-م-ي
اِستَعانَ بِمُحامٍ لِلدِّفاعِ عَنهُ.
istaʿāna bi-muḥāmin li-d-difāʿi ʿanhu.
He hired a lawyer to defend him.
قَاضٍ
qāḍin
judge
B2nounroot: ق-ض-ي
نَظَرَ القاضي في القَضِيَّةِ بِعِنايَة.
naẓara l-qāḍī fī l-qaḍiyyati bi-ʿināya.
The judge examined the case carefully.
قَضِيَّة
qaḍiyya
case / lawsuit / issue
B2nounroot: ق-ض-ي
رَفَعَ قَضِيَّةً أَمامَ المَحكَمَة.
rafaʿa qaḍiyyatan amāma l-maḥkama.
He filed a case before the court.
شَهَادَة
shahāda
testimony / certificate
B2nounroot: ش-ه-د
أَدلى الشّاهِدُ بِشَهادَتِهِ أَمامَ المَحكَمَة.
adlā sh-shāhidu bi-shahādatihī amāma l-maḥkama.
The witness gave his testimony before the court.
بَرَاءة
barāʾa
innocence / acquittal
B2nounroot: ب-ر-أ
أَثبَتَ المُحامي بَراءَةَ مُوَكِّلِهِ.
athbata l-muḥāmī barāʾata muwakkilihī.
The lawyer proved his client's innocence.
إِدَانَة
idāna
conviction / condemnation
B2nounroot: د-ي-ن
صَدَرَ حُكمُ الإدانَةِ بِالإجماع.
ṣadara ḥukmu l-idānati bi-l-ijmāʿ.
The conviction was issued unanimously.
تَشْرِيع
tashrīʿ
legislation
B2nounroot: ش-ر-ع
أَصدَرَ البَرلَمانُ تَشريعًا جَديدًا لِحِمايَةِ البيئَة.
aṣdara l-barlamānu tashrīʿan jadīdan li-ḥimāyati l-bīʾa.
The parliament issued new legislation to protect the environment.
جَرِيمَة
jarīma
crime
B2nounroot: ج-ر-م
اِرتَفَعَت مُعَدَّلاتُ الجَريمَةِ في المَدينَة.
irtafaʿat muʿaddalātu l-jarīmati fī l-madīna.
Crime rates increased in the city.
اِسْتِثْمَار
istithmār
investment
B2nounroot: ث-م-ر
جَذَبَتِ الدَّولَةُ اِستِثماراتٍ أَجنَبِيَّةً كَبيرَة.
jadhabati d-dawlatu stithmārātin ajnabiyyatan kabīra.
The country attracted large foreign investments.
تِجَارَة
tijāra
trade / commerce
B2nounroot: ت-ج-ر
اِزدَهَرَتِ التِّجارَةُ بَينَ البَلَدَين.
izdaharat at-tijāratu bayna l-baladayn.
Trade flourished between the two countries.
ضَرِيبَة
ḍarība
tax
B2nounroot: ض-ر-ب
فَرَضَتِ الحُكومَةُ ضَريبَةً جَديدَةً عَلى الدَّخل.
faraḍati l-ḥukūmatu ḍarībatan jadīdatan ʿalā d-dakhl.
The government imposed a new income tax.
مَصْرِف
maṣrif
bank (financial)
B2nounroot: ص-ر-ف
فَتَحَ حِسابًا في المَصرِفِ المَرْكَزِيّ.
fataḥa ḥisāban fī l-maṣrifi l-markaziyy.
He opened an account at the central bank.
رِبْح
ribḥ
profit / gain
B2nounroot: ر-ب-ح
حَقَّقَتِ الشَّرِكَةُ أَرباحًا قِياسِيَّة.
ḥaqqaqati sh-sharikatu arbāḥan qiyāsiyya.
The company achieved record profits.
خَسَارَة مَالِيَّة
khasāra māliyya
financial loss
B2nounroot: خ-س-ر / م-و-ل
تَكَبَّدَ المُستَثمِرُ خَسارَةً مالِيَّةً كَبيرَة.
takabbada l-mustathmir khasāratan māliyyatan kabīra.
The investor suffered a significant financial loss.
تَضَخُّم
taḍakhkhum
inflation
B2nounroot: ض-خ-م
يُعاني الاِقتِصادُ مِن تَضَخُّمٍ مُرتَفِع.
yuʿānī l-iqtiṣādu min taḍakhkhumin murtafiʿ.
The economy suffers from high inflation.
رُكُود
rukūd
recession / stagnation
B2nounroot: ر-ك-د
دَخَلَ الاِقتِصادُ مَرحَلَةَ رُكودٍ حادّ.
dakhala l-iqtiṣādu marḥalata rukūdin ḥādd.
The economy entered a severe recession.
سَهْم
sahm
stock / share
B2nounroot: س-ه-م
اِرتَفَعَت أَسعارُ الأَسهُمِ في البورصَة.
irtafaʿat asʿāru l-ashumi fī l-būrṣa.
Stock prices rose on the exchange.
بُورْصَة
būrṣa
stock exchange
B2noun
شَهِدَتِ البورصَةُ تَراجُعًا حادًّا.
shahidati l-būrṣatu tarājuʿan ḥāddan.
The stock exchange witnessed a sharp decline.
فَائِدَة
fāʾida
interest (financial) / benefit
B2nounroot: ف-ي-د
خَفَّضَ المَصرِفُ المَرْكَزِيُّ سِعرَ الفائِدَة.
khaffaḍa l-maṣrifu l-markaziyyu siʿra l-fāʾida.
The central bank lowered the interest rate.
دَيْن
dayn
debt
B2nounroot: د-ي-ن
تَراكَمَتِ الدُّيونُ عَلى الدَّولَة.
tarākamati d-duyūnu ʿalā d-dawla.
Debts accumulated on the state.
مِيزَانِيَّة
mīzāniyya
budget
B2nounroot: و-ز-ن
أَعَدَّتِ الحُكومَةُ الميزانِيَّةَ السَّنَوِيَّة.
aʿaddati l-ḥukūmatu l-mīzāniyyata s-sanawiyya.
The government prepared the annual budget.
اِحْتِكَار
iḥtikār
monopoly
B2nounroot: ح-ك-ر
يُحارِبُ القانونُ الاِحتِكارَ في السُّوق.
yuḥāribu l-qānūnu l-iḥtikāra fī s-sūq.
The law fights monopoly in the market.
إِفْلَاس
iflās
bankruptcy
B2nounroot: ف-ل-س
أَعلَنَتِ الشَّرِكَةُ إفلاسَها رَسمِيًّا.
aʿlanati sh-sharikatu iflāsahā rasmiyyan.
The company officially declared bankruptcy.
قَرْض
qarḍ
loan
B2nounroot: ق-ر-ض
حَصَلَ عَلى قَرضٍ مِنَ المَصرِف.
ḥaṣala ʿalā qarḍin mina l-maṣrif.
He obtained a loan from the bank.
جُمْرُكِيّ
jumrukiyy
customs-related / tariff
B2adjective
فُرِضَت رُسومٌ جُمرُكِيَّةٌ عَلى البَضائِعِ المُستَورَدَة.
furiḍat rusūmun jumrukiyyatun ʿalā l-baḍāʾiʿi l-mustawrada.
Customs duties were imposed on imported goods.
تَعْوِيض
taʿwīḍ
compensation / indemnity
B2nounroot: ع-و-ض
طالَبَ المُتَضَرِّرُ بِتَعويضٍ مالِيّ.
ṭālaba l-mutaḍarriru bi-taʿwīḍin māliyy.
The affected party demanded financial compensation.
بَرَاءَة اِخْتِرَاع
barāʾat ikhtirāʿ
patent
B2nounroot: ب-ر-أ / خ-ر-ع
سَجَّلَ بَراءَةَ اِختِراعٍ لِجِهازِهِ الجَديد.
sajjala barāʾata khtirāʿin li-jihāzihī l-jadīd.
He registered a patent for his new device.
حُكْم
ḥukm
verdict / ruling / judgment
B2nounroot: ح-ك-م
اِستَأنَفَ المُتَّهَمُ الحُكمَ الصّادِرَ بِحَقِّه.
istaʾnafa l-muttahamu l-ḥukma ṣ-ṣādira bi-ḥaqqihī.
The defendant appealed the verdict issued against him.
نِيَابَة عَامَّة
niyāba ʿāmma
public prosecution
B2nounroot: ن-و-ب / ع-م-م
أَحالَتِ النِّيابَةُ العامَّةُ القَضِيَّةَ إلى المَحكَمَة.
aḥālati n-niyābatu l-ʿāmmatu l-qaḍiyyata ilā l-maḥkama.
The public prosecution referred the case to the court.
اِسْتِئْنَاف
istiʾnāf
appeal (legal)
B2nounroot: أ-ن-ف
تَقَدَّمَ بِطَلَبِ اِستِئنافٍ أَمامَ المَحكَمَةِ العُليا.
taqaddama bi-ṭalabi stiʾnāfin amāma l-maḥkamati l-ʿulyā.
He filed an appeal before the high court.
مُتَّهَم
muttaham
defendant / accused
B2nounroot: و-ه-م
أَنكَرَ المُتَّهَمُ جَميعَ التُّهَمِ المُوَجَّهَةِ إلَيه.
ankara l-muttahamu jamīʿa t-tuhami l-muwajjahati ilayh.
The defendant denied all charges against him.
اِقْتِصَاد
iqtiṣād
economy / economics
B2nounroot: ق-ص-د
يَمُرُّ الاِقتِصادُ بِمَرحَلَةٍ صَعبَة.
yamurru l-iqtiṣādu bi-marḥalatin ṣaʿba.
The economy is going through a difficult phase.
خَصْخَصَة
khaṣkhaṣa
privatization
B2nounroot: خ-ص-ص
أَثارَت خَصخَصَةُ الشَّرِكاتِ الحُكومِيَّةِ جَدَلًا واسِعًا.
athārat khaṣkhaṣatu sh-sharikāti l-ḥukūmiyyati jadalan wāsiʿan.
Privatization of state companies sparked widespread debate.
اِسْتَأْنَفَ
istaʾnafa
to appeal / to resume
B2verbroot: أ-ن-ف
اِستَأنَفَ المُحامي الحُكمَ في المَحكَمَةِ العُليا.
istaʾnafa l-muḥāmī l-ḥukma fī l-maḥkamati l-ʿulyā.
The lawyer appealed the ruling in the high court.
أَدانَ
adāna
to convict / to condemn
B2verbroot: د-ي-ن
أَدانَتِ المَحكَمَةُ المُتَّهَمَ بِالسَّرِقَة.
adānati l-maḥkamatu l-muttahama bi-s-sariqa.
The court convicted the defendant of theft.
صادَرَ
ṣādara
to confiscate / to seize
B2verbroot: ص-د-ر
صادَرَتِ السُّلُطاتُ البَضائِعَ المُهَرَّبَة.
ṣādarati s-suluṭātu l-baḍāʾiʿa l-muharraba.
The authorities confiscated the smuggled goods.
اِحْتَالَ
iḥtāla
to commit fraud / to swindle
B2verbroot: ح-ي-ل
اِحتالَ عَلى العَشَراتِ مِنَ الضَّحايا.
iḥtāla ʿalā l-ʿasharāti mina ḍ-ḍaḥāyā.
He defrauded dozens of victims.
رَهْن
rahn
mortgage / collateral
B2nounroot: ر-ه-ن
حَصَلَ عَلى قَرضِ رَهنٍ عَقارِيّ.
ḥaṣala ʿalā qarḍi rahnin ʿaqāriyy.
He obtained a mortgage loan.
مُزَوَّر
muzawwar
forged / counterfeit
B2adjectiveroot: ز-و-ر
ضَبَطَتِ الشُّرطَةُ وَثائِقَ مُزَوَّرَة.
ḍabaṭati sh-shurṭatu wathāʾiqa muzawwara.
The police seized forged documents.
مَشْرُوع
mashrūʿ
legitimate / legal / lawful
B2adjectiveroot: ش-ر-ع
الدِّفاعُ عَنِ النَّفسِ حَقٌّ مَشروع.
ad-difāʿu ʿani n-nafsi ḥaqqun mashrūʿ.
Self-defense is a legitimate right.
عَجْز
ʿajz
deficit / inability
B2nounroot: ع-ج-ز
يُعاني البَلَدُ مِن عَجزٍ في الميزانِيَّة.
yuʿānī l-baladu min ʿajzin fī l-mīzāniyya.
The country suffers from a budget deficit.
نَاتِج مَحَلِّيّ إِجْمَالِيّ
nātij maḥalliyy ijmāliyy
gross domestic product (GDP)
B2nounroot: ن-ت-ج / ح-ل-ل / ج-م-ل
نَما النّاتِجُ المَحَلِّيُّ الإجمالِيُّ بِنِسبَةِ ثَلاثَةٍ بِالمِئَة.
namā n-nātiqu l-maḥalliyyu l-ijmāliyyu bi-nisbati thalāthatin bi-l-miʾa.
The GDP grew by three percent.
تَهْرِيب
tahrīb
smuggling
B2nounroot: ه-ر-ب
كافَحَتِ السُّلُطاتُ عَمَلِيّاتِ التَّهريب.
kāfaḥati s-suluṭātu ʿamaliyyāti t-tahrīb.
The authorities combated smuggling operations.
رُسُوم
rusūm
fees / duties
B2nounroot: ر-س-م
دَفَعَ الرُّسومَ المُستَحَقَّةَ لِلحُصولِ عَلى التَّرخيص.
dafaʿa r-rusūma l-mustaḥaqqata li-l-ḥuṣūli ʿalā t-tarkhīṣ.
He paid the required fees to obtain the license.
مُسْتَهْلِك
mustahlik
consumer
B2nounroot: ه-ل-ك
يَحمي القانونُ حُقوقَ المُستَهلِك.
yaḥmī l-qānūnu ḥuqūqa l-mustahlik.
The law protects consumer rights.
اِحْتِيَال
iḥtiyāl
fraud / swindle
B2nounroot: ح-ي-ل
كَشَفَتِ التَّحقيقاتُ عَن عَمَلِيَّةِ اِحتِيالٍ كَبيرَة.
kashafati t-taḥqīqātu ʿan ʿamaliyyati ḥtiyālin kabīra.
Investigations uncovered a major fraud operation.
مُلْكِيَّة فِكْرِيَّة
mulkiyya fikriyya
intellectual property
B2nounroot: م-ل-ك / ف-ك-ر
يَحمي القانونُ حُقوقَ المُلكِيَّةِ الفِكرِيَّة.
yaḥmī l-qānūnu ḥuqūqa l-mulkiyyati l-fikriyya.
The law protects intellectual property rights.
إِعْسَار
iʿsār
insolvency
B2nounroot: ع-س-ر
أَعلَنَتِ الشَّرِكَةُ حالَةَ إعسارٍ مالِيّ.
aʿlanati sh-sharikatu ḥālata iʿsārin māliyy.
The company declared financial insolvency.