Arabic root

ع-ق-ب

Ayn-Qaf-Ba

3 words from this root family

About this root

Ayn-Qaf-Ba (ع-ق-ب) has 3 words in the Fahm dictionary: ʿiqāb (punishment / retribution), ʿāqibah (consequence / outcome / end result), ʿuqūbāt (sanctions / penalties).

In the Quran, words built on this root occur 80 times in 74 verses, across 32 of the 114 suras. The first is in 2:143. The form عَاقِبَةٌ (consequence / outcome / end result) accounts for 32 of them.

Themes: Quranic, Media Politics

Words from this root

Word	Meaning	Type	In the Quran	Taught in
عِقَابٌ ʿiqāb	punishment / retribution	noun, B1	20×	Community and Society
عَاقِبَةٌ ʿāqibah	consequence / outcome / end result	noun, B1	32×	Covenants, Testing, and Forgiveness
عُقُوبَات ʿuqūbāt	sanctions / penalties	noun, B2		Diplomacy & Foreign Affairs

“In the Quran” counts every occurrence of that dictionary form, in any of its senses.

In the Quran

سَلْ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ كَمْ ءَاتَيْنَـٰهُم مِّنْ ءَايَةٍۭ بَيِّنَةٍ ۗ وَمَن يُبَدِّلْ نِعْمَةَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ

Ask of the Children of Israel how many a clear revelation We gave them! He who altereth the grace of Allah after it hath come unto him (for him), lo! Allah is severe in punishment.

Quran 2:211

قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ سُنَنٌ فَسِيرُوا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَٱنظُرُوا۟ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَـٰقِبَةُ ٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ

Systems have passed away before you. Do but travel in the land and see the nature of the consequence for those who did deny (the messengers).

Quran 3:137

وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِ ٱلرُّسُلُ ۚ أَفَإِي۟ن مَّاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ ٱنقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَىٰٓ أَعْقَـٰبِكُمْ ۚ وَمَن يَنقَلِبْ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَن يَضُرَّ ٱللَّهَ شَيْـًٔا ۗ وَسَيَجْزِى ٱللَّهُ ٱلشَّـٰكِرِينَ

Muhammad is but a messenger, messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. Will it be that, when he dieth or is slain, ye will turn back on your heels? He who turneth back on his heels doth no hurt to Allah, and Allah will reward the thankful.

Quran 3:144

Arabic text: Tanzil Quran Text (Uthmani 1.1), CC BY 3.0, tanzil.net. English: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (1930), public domain, via Project Gutenberg. Counts and verse choice: Quranic Arabic Corpus morphology data (corpus.quran.com).

Word cards with examples

B1noun

عِقَابٌ

ʿiqāb

punishment / retribution

Example

إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ

inna Allāha shadīdu al-ʿiqāb

Indeed, Allah is severe in punishment (2:196)

Root: ع-ق-ب Quranic

Grammar

Masculine verbal noun (maṣdar) of عَاقَبَ (Form III = to punish). Related: عَقِبَ (to follow/succeed), عَاقِبَةٌ (consequence/outcome), عُقْبَى (final result).

Culture

The phrase 'shadīdu al-ʿiqāb' (severe in punishment) is often balanced in the same verse or context with 'ghafūrun raḥīm' (forgiving, merciful), maintaining the Quranic balance of hope and fear.

B1noun

عَاقِبَةٌ

ʿāqibah