ع-ش-ر
Ayn-Shin-Ra
13 words from this root family
About this root
Ayn-Shin-Ra (ع-ش-ر) has 13 words in the Fahm dictionary: ʿashara (ten), ʿishrūn (twenty), aḥada ʿashara (eleven), ithnā ʿashara (twelve), and 9 more.
In the Quran, words built on this root occur 27 times in 26 verses, across 19 of the 114 suras. The first is in 2:60. The form عَشَرَة (ten) accounts for 2 of them.
Themes: Numbers, Basics, Numbers Tens, Numbers Teens, Numbers Ordinals, Numbers Practical
Words from this root
| Word | Meaning | Type | In the Quran | Taught in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
عَشَرَة ʿashara | ten | numeral, A1 | 2× | Numbers 10-1000 |
عِشْرُون ʿishrūn | twenty | numeral, A1 | 1× | Numbers 10-1000 |
أَحَدَ عَشَرَ aḥada ʿashara | eleven | numeral, A1 | Teen Numbers (11-19) | |
اِثْنَا عَشَرَ ithnā ʿashara | twelve | numeral, A1 | Teen Numbers (11-19) | |
ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ thalāthata ʿashara | thirteen | numeral, A1 | Teen Numbers (11-19) | |
أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ arbaʿata ʿashara | fourteen | numeral, A1 | Teen Numbers (11-19) | |
خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ khamsata ʿashara | fifteen | numeral, A1 | Teen Numbers (11-19) | |
سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ sittata ʿashara | sixteen | numeral, A1 | Teen Numbers (11-19) | |
سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ sabʿata ʿashara | seventeen | numeral, A1 | Teen Numbers (11-19) | |
ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ thamāniyata ʿashara | eighteen | numeral, A1 | Teen Numbers (11-19) | |
تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ tisʿata ʿashara | nineteen | numeral, A1 | Teen Numbers (11-19) | |
الْعَاشِر al-ʿāshir | tenth | adjective, A1 | Large Numbers & Ordinals | |
عُشْر ʿushr | tenth (fraction) | noun, A2 | Practical Number Words |
“In the Quran” counts every occurrence of that dictionary form, in any of its senses.
In the Quran
۞ وَإِذِ ٱسْتَسْقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِۦ فَقُلْنَا ٱضْرِب بِّعَصَاكَ ٱلْحَجَرَ ۖ فَٱنفَجَرَتْ مِنْهُ ٱثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا ۖ قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَّشْرَبَهُمْ ۖ كُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ مِن رِّزْقِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَAnd when Moses asked for water for his people, We said: Smite with thy staff the rock. And there gushed out therefrom twelve springs (so that) each tribe knew their drinking-place. Eat and drink of that which Allah hath provided, and do not act corruptly, making mischief in the earth.
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَٰجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا ۖ فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِىٓ أَنفُسِهِنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌSuch of you as die and leave behind them wives, they (the wives) shall wait, keeping themselves apart, four months and ten days. And when they reach the term (prescribed for them) then there is no sin for you in aught that they may do with themselves in decency. Allah is informed of what ye do.
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ حَرِّضِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى ٱلْقِتَالِ ۚ إِن يَكُن مِّنكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَـٰبِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا۟ مِا۟ئَتَيْنِ ۚ وَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُم مِّا۟ئَةٌ يَغْلِبُوٓا۟ أَلْفًا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَّا يَفْقَهُونَO Prophet! Exhort the believers to fight. If there be of you twenty steadfast they shall overcome two hundred, and if there be of you a hundred (steadfast) they shall overcome a thousand of those who disbelieve, because they (the disbelievers) are a folk without intelligence.
Arabic text: Tanzil Quran Text (Uthmani 1.1), CC BY 3.0, tanzil.net. English: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (1930), public domain, via Project Gutenberg. Counts and verse choice: Quranic Arabic Corpus morphology data (corpus.quran.com).
Word cards with examples
twenty
eleven
11 is unique: both parts agree in gender with the counted noun. أَحَدَ عَشَرَ (masc.) / إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ (fem.)
twelve
12 is also unique: both parts agree in gender. اِثْنَا عَشَرَ (masc.) / اِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ (fem.). The first part declines as a dual noun.
thirteen
For 13-19, the unit takes the OPPOSITE gender of the counted noun (reverse agreement), while عَشَرَ agrees with it.