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Arabic root

ع-ش-ر

Ayn-Shin-Ra

13 words from this root family

About this root

Ayn-Shin-Ra (ع-ش-ر) has 13 words in the Fahm dictionary: ʿashara (ten), ʿishrūn (twenty), aḥada ʿashara (eleven), ithnā ʿashara (twelve), and 9 more.

In the Quran, words built on this root occur 27 times in 26 verses, across 19 of the 114 suras. The first is in 2:60. The form عَشَرَة (ten) accounts for 2 of them.

Themes: Numbers, Basics, Numbers Tens, Numbers Teens, Numbers Ordinals, Numbers Practical

Words from this root

WordMeaningTypeIn the QuranTaught in
عَشَرَة
ʿashara
tennumeral, A12×Numbers 10-1000
عِشْرُون
ʿishrūn
twentynumeral, A11×Numbers 10-1000
أَحَدَ عَشَرَ
aḥada ʿashara
elevennumeral, A1Teen Numbers (11-19)
اِثْنَا عَشَرَ
ithnā ʿashara
twelvenumeral, A1Teen Numbers (11-19)
ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ
thalāthata ʿashara
thirteennumeral, A1Teen Numbers (11-19)
أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ
arbaʿata ʿashara
fourteennumeral, A1Teen Numbers (11-19)
خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ
khamsata ʿashara
fifteennumeral, A1Teen Numbers (11-19)
سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ
sittata ʿashara
sixteennumeral, A1Teen Numbers (11-19)
سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ
sabʿata ʿashara
seventeennumeral, A1Teen Numbers (11-19)
ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ
thamāniyata ʿashara
eighteennumeral, A1Teen Numbers (11-19)
تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ
tisʿata ʿashara
nineteennumeral, A1Teen Numbers (11-19)
الْعَاشِر
al-ʿāshir
tenthadjective, A1Large Numbers & Ordinals
عُشْر
ʿushr
tenth (fraction)noun, A2Practical Number Words

“In the Quran” counts every occurrence of that dictionary form, in any of its senses.

In the Quran

۞ وَإِذِ ٱسْتَسْقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِۦ فَقُلْنَا ٱضْرِب بِّعَصَاكَ ٱلْحَجَرَ ۖ فَٱنفَجَرَتْ مِنْهُ ٱثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا ۖ قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَّشْرَبَهُمْ ۖ كُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ مِن رِّزْقِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ

And when Moses asked for water for his people, We said: Smite with thy staff the rock. And there gushed out therefrom twelve springs (so that) each tribe knew their drinking-place. Eat and drink of that which Allah hath provided, and do not act corruptly, making mischief in the earth.

Quran 2:60
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَٰجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا ۖ فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِىٓ أَنفُسِهِنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ

Such of you as die and leave behind them wives, they (the wives) shall wait, keeping themselves apart, four months and ten days. And when they reach the term (prescribed for them) then there is no sin for you in aught that they may do with themselves in decency. Allah is informed of what ye do.

Quran 2:234
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ حَرِّضِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى ٱلْقِتَالِ ۚ إِن يَكُن مِّنكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَـٰبِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا۟ مِا۟ئَتَيْنِ ۚ وَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُم مِّا۟ئَةٌ يَغْلِبُوٓا۟ أَلْفًا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَّا يَفْقَهُونَ

O Prophet! Exhort the believers to fight. If there be of you twenty steadfast they shall overcome two hundred, and if there be of you a hundred (steadfast) they shall overcome a thousand of those who disbelieve, because they (the disbelievers) are a folk without intelligence.

Quran 8:65

Arabic text: Tanzil Quran Text (Uthmani 1.1), CC BY 3.0, tanzil.net. English: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (1930), public domain, via Project Gutenberg. Counts and verse choice: Quranic Arabic Corpus morphology data (corpus.quran.com).

Word cards with examples

A1numeral
عَشَرَة
ʿashara

ten

Example
قَرَأْتُ عَشَرَ صَفَحَاتٍ
qaraʾtu ʿashar ṣafaḥātin
I read ten pages
A1numeral
عِشْرُون
ʿishrūn

twenty

Example
فِي الصَّفِّ عِشْرُونَ طَالِبًا
fī aṣ-ṣaffi ʿishrūna ṭāliban
There are twenty students in the class
A1numeral
أَحَدَ عَشَرَ
aḥada ʿashara

eleven

Example
فِي الْفَصْلِ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا
fī al-faṣli aḥada ʿashara ṭāliban
There are eleven students in the class
Grammar

11 is unique: both parts agree in gender with the counted noun. أَحَدَ عَشَرَ (masc.) / إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ (fem.)

A1numeral
اِثْنَا عَشَرَ
ithnā ʿashara

twelve

Example
فِي السَّنَةِ اِثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا
fī as-sanati ithnā ʿashara shahran
There are twelve months in the year
Grammar

12 is also unique: both parts agree in gender. اِثْنَا عَشَرَ (masc.) / اِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ (fem.). The first part declines as a dual noun.

A1numeral
ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ
thalāthata ʿashara

thirteen

Example
عُمُرُهُ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ عَامًا
ʿumuruhū thalāthata ʿashara ʿāman
He is thirteen years old
Grammar

For 13-19, the unit takes the OPPOSITE gender of the counted noun (reverse agreement), while عَشَرَ agrees with it.

A1numeral
أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ
arbaʿata ʿashara

fourteen

Example
حَضَرَ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ شَخْصًا
ḥaḍara arbaʿata ʿashara shakhṣan
Fourteen people attended
A1numeral
خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ
khamsata ʿashara

fifteen

Example
الِامْتِحَانُ بَعْدَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا
al-imtiḥānu baʿda khamsata ʿashara yawman
The exam is in fifteen days
A1numeral
سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ
sittata ʿashara

sixteen

Example
قَرَأْتُ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ كِتَابًا
qaraʾtu sittata ʿashara kitāban
I read sixteen books
A1numeral
سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ
sabʿata ʿashara

seventeen

Example
فِي الْفَرِيقِ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ لَاعِبًا
fī al-farīqi sabʿata ʿashara lāʿiban
There are seventeen players on the team
A1numeral
ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ
thamāniyata ʿashara

eighteen

Example
يَبْلُغُ عُمُرُهَا ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ عَامًا
yablughu ʿumuruhā thamāniyata ʿashara ʿāman
She is eighteen years old
A1numeral
تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ
tisʿata ʿashara

nineteen

Example
اِشْتَرَيْتُ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ قَلَمًا
ishtaraytu tisʿata ʿashara qalaman
I bought nineteen pens
A1adjective
الْعَاشِر
al-ʿāshir

tenth

Example
هٰذَا هُوَ الدَّرْسُ الْعَاشِرُ
hādhā huwa ad-darsu al-ʿāshiru
This is the tenth lesson
A2noun
عُشْر
ʿushr

tenth (fraction)

Example
أَعْطَاهُ عُشْرَ الْمَبْلَغِ
aʿṭāhu ʿushra al-mablaghi
He gave him a tenth of the amount

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