A1verb
شَاهَدَ
shāhada
to watch / to witness
Example
شاهدتُ فيلماً ممتعاً
shāhadtu fīlman mumtiʿan
I watched an enjoyable movie
Grammar
Form III verb (فَاعَلَ). Past: shāhada, Present: yushāhidu.
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Arabic root
ش-ه-د
4 words from this root family
B2noun
شَهَادَة
shahāda
testimony / certificate
Example
أَدلى الشّاهِدُ بِشَهادَتِهِ أَمامَ المَحكَمَة.
adlā sh-shāhidu bi-shahādatihī amāma l-maḥkama.
The witness gave his testimony before the court.
B1noun
شَهَادَةٌ
shahādah
testimony / witness / declaration of faith
Example
شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَأُولُو الْعِلْمِ
shahida Allāhu annahū lā ilāha illā huwa wal-malāʾikatu wa-ulū al-ʿilm
Allah witnesses that there is no deity except Him, and so do the angels and those of knowledge (3:18)
Grammar
Feminine verbal noun (maṣdar) of شَهِدَ (to witness/testify). Related: شَاهِدٌ (witness), شَهِيدٌ (martyr/witness), مَشْهَدٌ (scene/gathering). Also means martyrdom.
Culture
The shahādah (لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ) is the first pillar of Islam. Uttering it sincerely is what makes one a Muslim.
A2verb
شَهِدَ
shahida
he witnessed / he testified / he was present
Example
شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ
shahida Allāhu annahu lā ilāha illā huw
Allah witnesses that there is no deity except Him (3:18)
Grammar
Form I verb. Nouns: شَهَادَةٌ (testimony, q115), شَاهِدٌ (witness), شَهِيدٌ (martyr/witness). Present: يَشْهَدُ.
Culture
God Himself is the first witness to His own oneness in this verse — followed by the angels and people of knowledge.