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Arabic root

ش-ه-د

Shin-Heh-Dal

4 words from this root family

About this root

Shin-Heh-Dal (ش-ه-د) has 4 words in the Fahm dictionary: shahādah (testimony / witness / declaration of faith), shahida (he witnessed / he testified / he was present), shāhada (to watch / to witness), shahāda (testimony / certificate).

In the Quran, words built on this root occur 160 times in 123 verses, across 48 of the 114 suras. The first is in 2:23. The form شَهِدَ (he witnessed / he testified / he was present) accounts for 44 of them.

Themes: Quranic, Verbs, Senses, Hobbies, Law Economics

Words from this root

WordMeaningTypeIn the QuranTaught in
شَهَادَةٌ
shahādah
testimony / witness / declaration of faithnoun, B126×Worship and Prayer
شَهِدَ
shahida
he witnessed / he testified / he was presentverb, A244×Faith, Monotheism, and Hypocrisy
شَاهَدَ
shāhada
to watch / to witnessverb, A1Action Verbs - Miscellaneous
شَهَادَة
shahāda
testimony / certificatenoun, B226×Courts & Legal System

“In the Quran” counts every occurrence of that dictionary form, in any of its senses.

In the Quran

وَإِن كُنتُمْ فِى رَيْبٍ مِّمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا فَأْتُوا۟ بِسُورَةٍ مِّن مِّثْلِهِۦ وَٱدْعُوا۟ شُهَدَآءَكُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـٰدِقِينَ

And if ye are in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto Our slave (Muhammad), then produce a surah of the like thereof, and call your witness beside Allah if ye are truthful.

Quran 2:23
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَـٰقَكُمْ لَا تَسْفِكُونَ دِمَآءَكُمْ وَلَا تُخْرِجُونَ أَنفُسَكُم مِّن دِيَـٰرِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَنتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ

And when We made with you a covenant (saying): Shed not the blood of your people nor turn (a party of) your people out of your dwellings. Then ye ratified (Our covenant) and ye were witnesses (thereto).

Quran 2:84
أَمْ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّ إِبْرَٰهِـۧمَ وَإِسْمَـٰعِيلَ وَإِسْحَـٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَٱلْأَسْبَاطَ كَانُوا۟ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَـٰرَىٰ ۗ قُلْ ءَأَنتُمْ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ ٱللَّهُ ۗ وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّن كَتَمَ شَهَـٰدَةً عِندَهُۥ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَمَا ٱللَّهُ بِغَـٰفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ

Or say ye that Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes were Jews or Christians? Say: Do ye know best, or doth Allah? And who is more unjust than he who hideth a testimony which he hath received from Allah? Allah is not unaware of what ye do.

Quran 2:140

Arabic text: Tanzil Quran Text (Uthmani 1.1), CC BY 3.0, tanzil.net. English: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (1930), public domain, via Project Gutenberg. Counts and verse choice: Quranic Arabic Corpus morphology data (corpus.quran.com).

Word cards with examples

B1noun
شَهَادَةٌ
shahādah

testimony / witness / declaration of faith

Example
شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَأُولُو الْعِلْمِ
shahida Allāhu annahū lā ilāha illā huwa wal-malāʾikatu wa-ulū al-ʿilm
Allah witnesses that there is no deity except Him, and so do the angels and those of knowledge (3:18)
Grammar

Feminine verbal noun (maṣdar) of شَهِدَ (to witness/testify). Related: شَاهِدٌ (witness), شَهِيدٌ (martyr/witness), مَشْهَدٌ (scene/gathering). Also means martyrdom.

Culture

The shahādah (لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ) is the first pillar of Islam. Uttering it sincerely is what makes one a Muslim.

A2verb
شَهِدَ
shahida

he witnessed / he testified / he was present

Example
شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ
shahida Allāhu annahu lā ilāha illā huw
Allah witnesses that there is no deity except Him (3:18)
Grammar

Form I verb. Nouns: شَهَادَةٌ (testimony, q115), شَاهِدٌ (witness), شَهِيدٌ (martyr/witness). Present: يَشْهَدُ.

Culture

God Himself is the first witness to His own oneness in this verse - followed by the angels and people of knowledge.

A1verb
شَاهَدَ
shāhada

to watch / to witness

Example
شاهدتُ فيلماً ممتعاً
shāhadtu fīlman mumtiʿan
I watched an enjoyable movie
Grammar

Form III verb (فَاعَلَ). Past: shāhada, Present: yushāhidu.

B2noun
شَهَادَة
shahāda

testimony / certificate

Example
أَدلى الشّاهِدُ بِشَهادَتِهِ أَمامَ المَحكَمَة.
adlā sh-shāhidu bi-shahādatihī amāma l-maḥkama.
The witness gave his testimony before the court.

Related roots